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Objective: To fabricate TiO2 nanotube material functionalized by antimicrobial peptide LL-37, and to explore its effects on biological behaviors such as adhesion and migration of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and its antibacterial properties. Methods: The TiO2 nanotube array (NT) was constructed on the surface of polished titanium (PT) by anodization, and the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 was loaded on the surface of TiO2 nanotube (LL-37/NT) by physical adsorption. Three samples were selected by simple random sampling in each group. Surface morphology, roughness, hydrophilicity and release characteristics of LL-37 of the samples were analyzed with a field emission scanning electron microscope, an atomic force microscope, a contact angle measuring device and a microplate absorbance reader. HaCaT cells were respectively cultured on the surface of three groups of titanium samples. Each group had 3 replicates. The morphology of cell was observed by field emission scanning electron microscope. The number of cell adhesion was observed by cellular immunofluorescence staining. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect cell proliferation. Wound scratch assay was used to observe the migration of HaCaT. The above experiments were used to evaluate the effect of each group on the biological behavior of HaCaT cells. To evaluate their antibacterial effects, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) was respectively inoculated on the surface of three groups of titanium samples. Each group had 3 replicates. The morphology of bacteria was observed by field emission scanning electron microscope. Bacterial viability was determined by live/dead bacterial staining. Results: A uniform array of nanotubes could be seen on the surface of titanium samples in LL-37/NT group, and the top of the tube was covered with granular LL-37. Compared with PT group [the roughness was (2.30±0.18) nm, the contact angle was 71.8°±1.7°], the roughness [(20.40±3.10) and (19.10±4.11) nm] and hydrophilicity (the contact angles were 22.4°±3.1° and 25.3°±2.2°, respectively) of titanium samples increased in NT and LL-37/NT group (P<0.001). The results of in vitro release test showed that the release of antimicrobial peptide LL-37 was characterized by early sudden release (1-4 h) and long-term (1-7 d) slow release. With the immunofluorescence, more cell attachment was found on NT and LL-37/NT than that on PT at the first 0.5 and 2.0 h of culture (P<0.05). The results of CCK-8 showed that there was no significant difference in the proliferation of cells among groups at 1, 3 and 5 days after culture. Wound scratch assay showed that compared with PT and NT group, the cell moved fastest on the surface of titanium samples in LL-37/NT group at 24 h of culture [(96.4±4.9)%] (F=35.55, P<0.001). A monolayer cells could be formed and filled with the scratch in 24 h at LL-37/NT group. The results of bacterial test in vitro showed that compared with the PT group, the bacterial morphology in the NT and LL-37/NT groups was significantly wrinkled, and obvious bacterial rupture could be seen on the surface of titanium samples in LL-37/NT group. The results of bacteria staining showed that the green fluorescence intensity of titanium samples in LL-37/NT group was the lowest in all groups (F=66.54,P<0.001). Conclusions: LL-37/NT is beneficial to the adhesion and migration of HaCaT cells and has excellent antibacterial properties, this provides a new strategy for the optimal design of implant neck materials.
Subject(s)
Humans , Titanium/chemistry , Antimicrobial Peptides , Cathelicidins , Sincalide , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Nanotubes/chemistry , Dental Materials , Bacteria , Keratinocytes , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
Foeniculi Fructus is warm and spicy in nature and belongs to the liver, kidney, spleen and stomach meridians with the function of dispersing cold and relieving pain, regulating Qi-flowing and harmonizing stomach, and can be used as medicine and food. This article summarized the historical evolution of processing of Foeniculi Fructus by consulting the relevant books since the Han dynasty, the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as well as the processing norms of provinces and cities, and summarized the chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of Foeniculi Fructus by reviewing literatures at home and abroad, then it found that Foeniculi Fructus mainly contains essential oil, flavonoids, phenols and fatty acids, has certain effects on human visceral system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, endocrine system, immune system and chemotherapy, including the functions of regulating gastrointestinal function, analgesia, anti-inflammatory, etc. Among them, the main chemical components that play the pharmacodynamic effect are volatile oil, flavonoids and phenols, and the chemical components and pharmacological effects in Foeniculi Fructus before and after processing will have corresponding changes, which can provide reference for the further study of Foeniculi Fructus in processing principle, pharmacodynamic substance basis and pharmacological mechanism.
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Psoralea Fructus,a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine in clinical application,is warm, spicy and bitter in nature and belongs to the kidney and spleen meridian. Psoralea Fructus has the function of warming kidney and tonifying yang,absorbing Qi and relieving asthma,warming spleen and stopping diarrhea,and in topical use, it can remove beverage. In recent years,considerable progress has been made in the study of chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Psoralea Fructus. Nearly one hundred compounds have been isolated from it,including coumarins,flavonoids,and meroterpenes,and various types of compounds such as lipids,glycosides,volatile oils,and trace elements have been also found in Psoralea Fructus. In this article, the original literature was reviewed to summarize the main compound types and structural formula, with detailed reviews on pharmacological studies about its anti-tumor,anti-oxidant,anti-bacterial,anti-inflammatory,anti-depressive,regulating estrogen level,promoting bone growth,liver protection,and neuroprotection effects. In addition, the compounds with the same or similar pharmacological effects were sorted out and summarized to correlate the chemical structure and pharmacology. Psoralea Fructus and its modern preparations are widely used in modern clinical practice. The researches and papers on chemical constituents of Psoralea Fructus at home and abroad and the papers on pharmacological activities in recent years were reviewed,and the chemical types of individual compounds were corrected in this article,providing a reference for further study of Psoralea Fructus in efficacy material basis,quality standards and pharmacological activities.
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Aim To observe the effect of laminarin L01 on the expression of eNOS and iNOS in aorta of rats with chronic inflammation induced by LPS. Methods Chronic inflammatory rat models were prepared by tail vein injection low dose LPS(0.4 mg·kg-1) once a week for four weeks. The rats were randomly divided into five groups. After the first injection of LPS, the DXM group was intraperitoneally injected with dexam-ethasone (10 mg·kg-1). L01 high,medium and low dose groups were intraperitoneally injected with L01 (50,30,10 mg·kg-1). The LPS group was injected intraperitoneally with equal volume of normal saline once a day. Another control group, only injection of normal saline, a total of four weeks. After the last administration,the number of whole white blood cells (WBC) was counted. ELISA was used to measure the hs-CRP in serum. The expressions of eNOS,iNOS and COX-2 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. Results After four weeks of administration of L01, the number of WBC and the level of serum hs-CRP in chronic in-flammatory rats were significantly decreased. The ex-pression of eNOS was up-regulated, and iNOS and COX-2 expressions were down-regulated. Conclusions Laminarin L01 may regulate the expression and re-lease of endothelium-derived relaxing factor stimulated by LPS,and improve the endothelium-dependent dias-tolic function of aorta, thus protecting the damage of vascular endothelium.
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Objective To explore the value of the autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA) applied to predict monthly incidence of syphilis so as to provide basis for prevention and control of syphilis . Methods Eviews 8 .0 was used to establish the ARIMA model based on the data of monthly incidence of syphilis in China from January 2009 to December 2015 .Then the data of the first half of 2016 were used to verify the predicted results .The predictions were evaluated by RMSE ,MAE ,MAPE and MRE models .Then the monthly incidence of syphilis in the second half of 2016 was predicted .Results The optimal model for the monthly incidence of syphilis from January 2009 to June 2016 was the model of ARIMA (2 ,1 ,1) × (0 ,1 ,1)12 ,its equation was (1 - B)(1 - B12 ) (1+0 .820 B)(1+0 .566 B2 ) x2t = (1+0 .365 B) (1+0 .897 B12 )εt ,its parameters are as follows :R2 =0 .832 ,RMSE=0 .181 ,MAE=0 .118 ,MAPE=5 .088 .The predicted monthly incidence values (10-5 ) of the second half of 2016 were 3 .124 ,3 .008 ,2 .906 ,2 .691 ,2 .714 ,and 2 .717 .Conclusion ARIMA model has a relatively good prediction precision .Therefore , it can make short-term prediction based on the evolution trend of monthly incidence of syphilis in China .
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This cohort study was designed to evaluate the association of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) and proglucagon gene (GCG) variants with disordered glucose metabolism and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a rural adult Chinese population. A total of 7,751 non-T2DM participants ⋝18 years old genotyped at baseline were recruited. The same questionnaire interview and physical and blood biochemical examinations were performed at both baseline and follow-up. During a median 6 years of follow-up, T2DM developed in 227 participants. After adjustment for potential contributory factors, nominally significant associations were seen between TT genotype and the recessive model of TCF7L2 rs7903146 and increased risk of T2DM [hazard ratio (HR)=4.068, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.270-13.026; HR=4.051, 95% CI: 1.268-12.946, respectively]. The TT genotype of rs7903146 was also significantly associated with higher fasting plasma insulin level and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in case of new-onset diabetes. In addition, the TCF7L2 rs290487 TT genotype was associated with abdominal obesity and the GCG rs12104705 CC genotype was associated with both general obesity and abdominal obesity in case of new-onset diabetes.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cohort Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Genetics , Insulin , Bodily Secretions , Insulin Resistance , Genetics , Obesity , Genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Proglucagon , Genetics , Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) variants (rs12363572 and rs4930588) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Han Chinese.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 1842 T2DM cases (507 newly diagnosed cases and 1335 previously diagnosed cases) and 7777 controls were included in this case-control study. PCR-RFLP was conducted to detect the genotype of the two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to describe the strength of the association by logistic regression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the study subjects, neither rs12363572 nor rs4930588 was significantly associated with T2DM, even after adjusting for relevant covariates. When stratified by body mass index (BMI), the two SNPs were also not associated with T2DM. Among the 3 common haplotypes, only haplotype TT was associated with reduced risk of T2DM (OR 0.820, 95% CI 0.732-0.919). In addition, rs12363572 was associated with BMI (P<0.001) and rs4930588 was associated with triglyceride levels (P=0.043) in 507 newly diagnosed T2DM cases but not in healthy controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>No LRP5 variant was found to be associated with T2DM in Han Chinese, but haplotype TT was found to be associated with T2DM.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Asian People , Genetics , Body Mass Index , Case-Control Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Blood , Genetics , Haplotypes , Logistic Models , Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-5 , Genetics , Odds Ratio , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Rural Population , Triglycerides , BloodABSTRACT
Based on the Miller Pyramid for assessing clinical competence, this article analyzed the existing problems in the practice of teaching physical examination and provided suggestions for possible reforms.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To apply mixed logit model for analyzing the data of new rural cooperative medical with suitability and identify the factors affecting the residents choices of insurance mode.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hypothesis test of IIA was performed using the mogtest module of Stata10.0 to test the eligibility of the condition. The mixed logit model was established to allow the parameters to vary in the population using SAS9.1 MDC module.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The data in this study did not satisfy the IIA assumption (P<0.01), so that the multinomial logit model was not applicable. The adjusted Estrella of the mixed logit model was 0.6658.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The mixed logit approach does not rely on the restrictive IIA assumption and allows for correlation patterns between choices and individual variation. This approach can help in the determination of the choices in new rural cooperative medical system.</p>
Subject(s)
Health Care Coalitions , Insurance, Health , Logistic Models , Rural Health , Rural Health ServicesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the prenatal diagnostic accuracy of fetal echocardiography for congenital heart defects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fetal echocardiographic databases from 2001 to 2007 were searched for patients with a prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defect, medical records were obtained and the prenatal echocardiographic findings were correlated with postnatal echocardiography results or autopsy findings, if the pregnancy was terminated or the fetus died in utero.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defects was made in 113 pregnancies at a mean gestational age of 26.8 weeks. Pathology or postnatal echocardiography was available in 79 cases (70%) and the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis was 86% (68/79). Prenatal diagnosis was accurate in 24 of 31 patients (77%) with conotruncal malformations, 26 of 27 patients (96%) with septal defects, 9 of 10 patients (90%) with valve abnormalities, and 5 of 6 patients (83%) with univentricular hearts. There were 4 false-positives and the positive predictive value was 95% (75/79).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Fetal echocardiography is a reliable tool for prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defects despite limitations for correctly diagnosing some specific fetal heart defects.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Echocardiography , Fetal Heart , Diagnostic Imaging , Heart Defects, Congenital , Diagnostic Imaging , Pregnancy Trimester, Second , Pregnancy Trimester, Third , Retrospective Studies , Ultrasonography, PrenatalABSTRACT
Objective: To determine biological effect ratio (BER) on anti-herpes simplex virus-Ⅰ (HSV-Ⅰ)of Liyan Dan (LYD) complex pharmaceutics and its active components alignment (ACA), and to discuss the new identification method of Chinese patent medicine expressed by standard BER. Methods: Protective effect to cells infected by HSV-Ⅰ was evaluated by a 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2 thiazoyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The ACA was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultraviolet spectrophotometry. By the protective percent (PP) to cells infected by HSV-Ⅰ of LYD and its ACA the BER was calculated. BERS= PPS / PPACA (protective percent to cells infected by HSV-Ⅰ of sample/protective percent to cells infected by HSV-Ⅰ of ACA; the concentration of sample was 2-x mg/mL). Results: LYD can inhibit cytopathogenic effect (CPE) and its BER was 1.16. Conclusion: BER and ACA of Chinese patent medicine can reflect connotation of Chinese patent medicine quality. This index described intrinsic quality of curative effect on Chinese materia medica.The new concepts of BER and ACA were pulled into the study. This research offered a new train of thought and method to study Chinese patent medicine quality as follows. Firstly, establish standard biological effect of ACA as a standard of effect; secondly,measure the biological effect of sample by the method of measuring effective standard of ACA; thirdly, calculate BER according to the formula (BERS=PPS/PPACA). Standard of BER on quality evaluation is as follows. If 1 ≥ BERS ≥ 0.9, the sample is eligible; if BERS＞1, the sample is of high quality; if BERS＜0.9, the sample is disqualification. This quality evaluation method is much more scientific than the method that evaluate quality only by one or two components contents.
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Objective: To determine biological effect ratio (BER) on anti-herpes simplex virus-Ⅰ (HSV-Ⅰ)of Liyan Dan (LYD) complex pharmaceutics and its active components alignment (ACA), and to discuss the new identification method of Chinese patent medicine expressed by standard BER. Methods: Protective effect to cells infected by HSV-Ⅰ was evaluated by a 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2 thiazoyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The ACA was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultraviolet spectrophotometry. By the protective percent (PP) to cells infected by HSV-Ⅰ of LYD and its ACA the BER was calculated. BERS= PPS / PPACA (protective percent to cells infected by HSV-Ⅰ of sample/protective percent to cells infected by HSV-Ⅰ of ACA; the concentration of sample was 2-x mg/mL). Results: LYD can inhibit cytopathogenic effect (CPE) and its BER was 1.16. Conclusion: BER and ACA of Chinese patent medicine can reflect connotation of Chinese patent medicine quality. This index described intrinsic quality of curative effect on Chinese materia medica.The new concepts of BER and ACA were pulled into the study. This research offered a new train of thought and method to study Chinese patent medicine quality as follows. Firstly, establish standard biological effect of ACA as a standard of effect; secondly,measure the biological effect of sample by the method of measuring effective standard of ACA; thirdly, calculate BER according to the formula (BERS=PPS/PPACA). Standard of BER on quality evaluation is as follows. If 1 ≥ BERS ≥ 0.9, the sample is eligible; if BERS＞1, the sample is of high quality; if BERS＜0.9, the sample is disqualification. This quality evaluation method is much more scientific than the method that evaluate quality only by one or two components contents.